The cause of recent revolution in Egypt is examined from different viewpoints. The present article studies the development model used in Egypt in the past thirty years. It first explains the authoritarian bureaucratic theoretical framework and then it adjusts these features with the structure of political economy of Egypt during Mubarak and it comes to the conclusion that the model used for political and social development of Egypt had been unsuccessful and the failure of such method has led to crisis and recent revolution in Egypt. The theoretical framework of the study is based on comparative model and Guillermo O' Donnell method and dependent development on the basis of Evans.

According to the tenets of Shīʿite jurists, any interaction strengthening the authoritarian rulers is illegitimate and unlawful. Based on historical reports, Shīʿite jurists embarked on interacting with the Buyid dynasty. Regarding the fact that an accurate understanding of historical events is not feasible without analytical investigation and explanation of social factors, this article elaborates on the social reasons behind the interaction of Shīʿite jurists with the Buyid dynasty. The question raised in this study is: What were the social reasons behind the interaction and cooperation of Shīʿite jurists with the Buyid dynasty Amirs? It is hypothesized that were several reasons including Islam's emphasis on interaction and cooperation, realization of religious goals, preventing Shīʿites from being isolated, excluded, and suppressed in society, etc. that gave rise to the interaction of Shīʿite jurists with the Buyid dynasty. On the other hand, interaction and cooperation as an ethical value and a behavior style are of high importance in the Islamic mindset and are considered as one of the principles of the Buyid dynasty and characteristics. Abiding by this moral value instigated the Buyid dynasty's interaction with the Shīʿite jurists who, in turn, started interacting with Buyid as well. This research investigates the social reasons why Shīʿite jurists interacted with the Buyid dynasty, using the analytical-historical method.

Projected indices of rulers’ characters are vividly shown in the mirror of Malekoshoaraye Bahar’s poem. Bahar, as the greatest poet of his time and as a voice of Iranian people, was able to express the nation’s expectations as well as to criticize and judge the rulers’ actions.He has an optimistic view towards the rulers of his time and combines the bitter advice and sweet eulogy to warn and to advise them in the hope of better future days. However, when the words don’t work, he removes the bawdy mask from the rulers’ faces and scandalizes them. Although his poems are overwhelmed with ugly pictures of rulers of his time, the clear positive picture of future is obviously seen. In this paper, an attempt is made to investigate Ghajar dynasty kings’ characters and performance in his viewpoint.

Many peoples think there is neither rulers nor rules in the internet and it seems to be a hodge bodge. Although it is not totally false, but is not completely true and includes some ignorance of facts which affect this space. As the people now a days deal with the internet, it is necessary to obtain some information of facts relevant to it. We will, in this assay, show that there are the both powerful rulers in the internet and views of them that are mixed with the technical points and protocols.

This article deals with a few injunctions of Imam Ali in Nahj-ul-Balagheh. Imam Ali has issued injunctions on the following.a. Imam Ali issued orders for the ruler on economic and financial matters.b. He set up an agenda for the army.c. He spoke on the legal and social rights of the public.d. He ordered on developing the country.e. He ordered on the ruler's behavior towards his subjects.Furthermore, Imam Ali struck out the social stratification and specified the following attributes for the ruler. Piety, observance of the divine rules in the Holy Book and sunnat of the Holy Prophet, forgiving the people's flaws. In the Malek Ashtar treatise he has also issued useful instructions on the selection of the Jury as well as the scribes, government clerks. In the ninth chapter he recommended fine treatment of the merchants and craftsman.

The collapse of the communist system and the ensuing break up of Soviet Union re-defined the whole international system. For the global international community, it siginfied that the end of cold war and preceived victory of modern democracy and free market system over communist one. It was believed the newly independent republics of the Federation of the Soviet Union were firmly on the road to modern democracy. Such a belief was not totally happen in Central Asia in the first decade of independence and strong authoritarian presidentialism appeared in the five republics.This article aims where these regimes fit in terms of non democratic states, and what are the basic reasons for this type of authoritarianism regimes after communism.

For Iranians, Poetry is so important that most of rulers have used poetry as a tool for their aims. However, at the start of parliamentary movement, the poets’ view towards rulers and social issues changed. Malek Al Shooaraye Bahar is the most prominent literal – Political figure and the best example of this evolution- His poem is brimful of moral and didactic tips such as justice, Forgiveness, devotion and so on which has been written to awaken rulers from ignorance. These teaching advices cover the various aspects of governorship due to their variety. This poet has focused on justice based on Islamic culture. He introduced it as prosperity of the two worlds. While spiritual values and human perfection are not obtained in tyranny, we must seek the Bahar’s didactic advices in Islamic teaching as well as in the history of ancient Iran which is accompanied by his insight, sympathy, bravery and art.

Dr. Abdul Karim Soroush, on the subject of the relationship between religion and power, is of the view that Islam is a violent religion and the God of Islam is a powerful and violent ruler. He has introduced the Qurchr('39')an as a frightening letter and Muhammad as an armed mystic and a power-hungry and authoritarian prophet. Soroush also called the prophetic government a violent and authoritarian government; Thus, according to him to champion the political and governmental imitation of the prophetic government in todaychr('39')s world is a blunder and dangerous, for it would lead to the formation of authoritarian and violent governments. The authors of the paper attempts to examine his account from two intra-religious and extra-religious perspectives. In dealing with this problem, the authors of the research paper have applied analytical-critical method. The research findings show that some of the claims made by Dr. Soroush are weak and baseless, including that; Soroush has chosen a special interpretation of history, that is, the structure of the authoritarian Muhammad, and has looked at historical Islam only through this lens. Moreover, contrary to his claim, the Qurchr('39')an is a collection of good news and warnings, and many verses in it signify love, mercy and affection.